Ukuze kube lula ukufundeka kwezahluko ezilandelayo kule ncwadi, nanka amagama abalulekile okulondoloza uhlu lwediski. Ukugcina ukubumbana kwezahluko, izincazelo zobuchwepheshe ezinemininingwane ngeke zinikezwe.
I-SCSI:
Ifushane ku-Small Computer System Interface, yaqale yathuthukiswa ngo-1979 njengobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana bamakhompiyutha amancane kodwa manje isifakwe ngokugcwele kuma-PC avamile athuthuke kakhulu ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha.
I-ATA (Ekunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili):
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-IDE, lesi sikhombimsebenzisi senzelwe ukuxhuma ibhasi lekhompyutha ye-AT elakhiwe ngo-1984 ngqo kumadrayivu nezilawuli ezihlanganisiwe. I-“AT” ku-ATA iphuma kukhompuyutha ye-AT, okwakungowokuqala ukusebenzisa ibhasi le-ISA.
I-serial ATA (SATA):
Isebenzisa ukudluliswa kwedatha ye-serial, idlulisa idatha encane kuphela ngomjikelezo wewashi. Nakuba amadrayivu aqinile e-ATA ngokuvamile esebenzise izindlela zokudlulisa ezifanayo, ezingaba lula ekuphazamisekeni kwesignali futhi zithinte ukuzinza kwesistimu phakathi nokudluliswa kwedatha enesivinini esikhulu, i-SATA ixazulula le nkinga ngokusebenzisa imodi yokudluliswa kwe-serial enentambo enezintambo ezi-4 kuphela.
I-NAS (Inethiwekhi Yesitoreji Esinamathiselwe):
Ixhuma izisetshenziswa zokulondoloza eqenjini lamakhompyutha asebenzisa i-topology yenethiwekhi evamile njenge-Ethernet. I-NAS iyindlela yokugcinwa kwezinga lengxenye ehloselwe ukubhekana nesidingo esikhulayo sokwanda komthamo wokulondoloza kumaqembu okusebenza kanye nezinhlangano ezisezingeni lomnyango.
I-DAS (Isitoreji Esinamathiselwe Ngokuqondile):
Kubhekiselwa ekuxhumeni izisetshenziswa zesitoreji ngqo kukhompuyutha ngokusebenzisa i-SCSI noma iFiber Channel interface. Imikhiqizo ye-DAS ihlanganisa amadivaysi okugcina kanye namaseva alula ahlanganisiwe angenza yonke imisebenzi ehlobene nokufinyelela nokuphatha ifayela.
I-SAN (Inethiwekhi Yendawo Yesitoreji):
Ixhumeka eqenjini lamakhompyutha ngeFiber Channel. I-SAN ihlinzeka ngoxhumano lwabasingathi abaningi kodwa ayisebenzisi ama-topology enethiwekhi ajwayelekile. I-SAN igxile ekubhekaneni nezindaba ezithile ezihlobene nesitoreji ezindaweni ezisezingeni lebhizinisi futhi isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ezindaweni zokugcina ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Uhlu:
Isho uhlelo lwediski olwakhiwe amadiski amaningi asebenza ngokufana. Isilawuli se-RAID sihlanganisa amadiski amaningi abe yilungu elifanayo sisebenzisa isiteshi saso se-SCSI. Ngamagama alula, uhlu luwuhlelo lwediski oluhlanganisa amadiski amaningi asebenza ndawonye ngokuhambisana. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amadiski aqokwe njengezipele ezishisayo awakwazi ukungezwa kumalungu afanayo.
I-Array Spanning:
Kuhilela ukuhlanganisa indawo yokugcina yezingxenye ezimbili, ezintathu, noma ezine zediski ukuze udale idrayivu enengqondo enendawo yokugcina eqhubekayo. Izilawuli ze-RAID zingasebenzisa amalungu afanayo amaningi, kodwa amalungu afanayo kufanele abe nenani elifanayo lamadiski kanye nezinga elifanayo le-RAID. Isibonelo, i-RAID 1, i-RAID 3, ne-RAID 5 inganwetshwa ukuze yakhe i-RAID 10, i-RAID 30, ne-RAID 50, ngokulandelanayo.
Inqubomgomo Yenqolobane:
Isho isu lokulondoloza inqolobane yesilawuli se-RAID, esingaba I-Cached I/O noma i-Direct I/O. I-Cached I/O isebenzisa amasu okufunda nokubhala futhi ngokuvamile igcina idatha ngesikhathi sokufundwa. I-Direct I/O, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ifunda idatha entsha ngokuqondile kudiski ngaphandle uma iyunithi yedatha ifinyelelwa ngokuphindaphindiwe, lapho kusetshenziswa isu lokufunda okulingene futhi igcina idatha. Ezimweni ezifundwa ngokungahleliwe ngokugcwele, ayikho idatha egcinwe kunqolobane.
Ukunwetshwa kwamandla:
Uma inketho yomthamo we-virtual isethwe ukuthi itholakale kusisetshenziswa esisheshayo sesilawuli se-RAID, isilawuli sisungula isikhala sediski ebonakalayo, sivumela amadiski aphathekayo engeziwe ukuthi ande aye endaweni ebonakalayo ngokwakhiwa kabusha. Ukwakha kabusha kungenziwa kuphela kudrayivu eyodwa enengqondo phakathi kwamalungu afanayo afanayo, futhi ukunwetshwa kwe-inthanethi akukwazi ukusetshenziswa kuhlelo olunwetshiwe.
Isiteshi:
Kuyindlela kagesi esetshenziselwa ukudlulisa idatha nokulawula ulwazi phakathi kwezilawuli ezimbili zamadiski.
Ifomethi:
Kuyinqubo yokubhala ama-zero kuzo zonke izindawo zedatha yediski ebonakalayo (hard drive). Ukufometha kuwumsebenzi ongokoqobo ophinde uhlanganise nokuhlola ukungaguquguquki kwendawo yediski kanye nokumaka imikhakha engafundeki nemibi. Njengoba ama-hard drive amaningi asefomethwe efekthri, ukufometha kuyadingeka kuphela uma kwenzeka amaphutha ediski.
I-Hot Spare:
Uma idiski esebenzayo njengamanje yehluleka, idiski eyisipele engasebenzi, enikwe amandla ingena esikhundleni sediski ehlulekile. Le ndlela yaziwa ngokuthi i-hot sparing. Amadiski ayisipele ashisayo awagcini noma iyiphi idatha yomsebenzisi, futhi amadiski angafika kwayisishiyagalombili angaqokwa njengezipele ezishisayo. I-hot spare disk inganikezelwa kuhlelo olulodwa olungasadingeki noma ibe yingxenye ye-hot spare disk pool yawo wonke amalungu afanayo. Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwediski, i-firmware yesilawuli ishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo idiski ehlulekile nge-hot spare disk futhi yakhe kabusha idatha esuka kudiski ehlulekile iyifaka kudiski eyisipele eshisayo. Idatha ingakhiwa kabusha kuphela kusuka kudrayivu enengqondo engasasebenzi (ngaphandle kwe-RAID 0), futhi idiski eyisipele eshisayo kufanele ibe nomthamo owanele. Umlawuli wesistimu angangena esikhundleni sediski ehlulekile futhi akhethe idiski yokumiselela njengesipele esisha esishisayo.
I-Hot Swap Disk Module:
Imodi yokushintshanisa okushisayo ivumela abaphathi besistimu ukuthi bamiselele idrayivu yediski ehlulekile ngaphandle kokuvala iseva noma ukuphazamisa amasevisi enethiwekhi. Njengoba wonke amandla nokuxhumeka kwekhebula kuhlanganiswe ku-backplane yeseva, ukushintshanisa okushisayo kuhilela ukususa idiski ku-slot yekheji lokushayela, okuyinqubo eqondile. Ngemuva kwalokho, idiski yokushintshanisa eshisayo ifakwa endaweni ye-slot. Ubuchwepheshe bokushintshashintsha okushisayo busebenza kuphela ekucushweni kwe-RAID 1, 3, 5, 10, 30, ne-50.
I-I2O (Okokufaka Okuhlakaniphile/Okukhiphayo):
I-I2O iwumklamo ojwayelekile wezimboni wamasistimu angaphansi okokufaka/okukhiphayo azimele ohlelweni lokusebenza lwenethiwekhi futhi aludingi usekelo oluvela kumadivayisi angaphandle. I-I2O isebenzisa izinhlelo zomshayeli ezingahlukaniswa zibe Amamojula Amasevisi Esistimu Yokusebenza (ama-OSM) kanye namamojula wedivayisi yehadiwe (ama-HDM).
Ukuqaliswa:
Kuyinqubo yokubhala o-zero endaweni yedatha yedrayivu enengqondo kanye nokukhiqiza amabhithi okulingana ahambisanayo ukuze kulethe idrayivu enengqondo esimweni esilungile. Ukuqalisa kususa idatha yangaphambilini futhi kukhiqiza ukulingana, ngakho-ke idrayivu enengqondo ibhekana nokuhlolwa okufanayo phakathi nale nqubo. Amalungu afanayo angakaqaliswa awasebenziseki ngenxa yokuthi awakakhiqizi ukulingana futhi azoholela kumaphutha okuhlola ukuvumelana.
I-IOP (I/O Processor):
I-I/O Processor iyisikhungo somyalo wesilawuli se-RAID, esibhekele ukucutshungulwa komyalo, ukudluliswa kwedatha kumabhasi e-PCI ne-SCSI, ukucutshungulwa kwe-RAID, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwedrayivu yediski, ukuphathwa kwenqolobane, nokuthola iphutha.
Idrayivu Enengqondo:
Isho idrayivu ebonakalayo ohlwini olungasebenzisa idiski ebonakalayo engaphezu kweyodwa. Amadrayivu anengqondo ahlukanisa amadiski ngohlelo noma uhlu olunwetshiwe abe izikhala zesitoreji eziqhubekayo ezisatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amadiski kuhlelo. Isilawuli se-RAID singasetha amadrayivu anengqondo angu-8 amakhono ahlukene, okungenani ngedrayivu eyodwa enengqondo edingekayo ohlwini ngalunye. Imisebenzi yokokufaka/yokukhiphayo ingenziwa kuphela uma idrayivu enengqondo iku-inthanethi.
Ivolumu Enengqondo:
Kuyidiski ebonakalayo eyakhiwe amadrayivu anengqondo, aziwa nangokuthi ama-disk partitions.
Ukwenza isibuko:
Kuwuhlobo lokuphindaphinda lapho idatha kudiski eyodwa iboniswa kwenye idiski. I-RAID 1 ne-RAID 10 isebenzisa ukwenza isibuko.
Ukulingana:
Ekugcinweni kwedatha nasekudluliseleni, ukulingana kuhilela ukungeza ibhithi eyengeziwe kubhayithi ukuze uhlole amaphutha. Ivamise ukukhiqiza idatha engafuneki kudatha yoqobo emibili noma ngaphezulu, engasetshenziswa ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha idatha yoqobo kusuka kwenye yedatha yoqobo. Nokho, idatha yokulingana ayiyona ikhophi enembile yedatha yoqobo.
Ku-RAID, le ndlela ingasetshenziswa kuwo wonke amadrayivu ediski ngohlelo. Ukulingana kungase futhi kusatshalaliswe kuwo wonke amadiski ohlelweni ekucushweni kokulinganisa okuzinikele. Uma idiski yehluleka, idatha ekudiski ehlulekile ingakhiwa kabusha kusetshenziswa idatha evela kwamanye amadiski kanye nedatha yokulingana.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-12-2023
