Iseva yakhiwe amasistimu angaphansi amaningi, ngalinye lidlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukusebenza kweseva. Amanye amasistimu angaphansi abaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kuye ngohlelo iseva esetshenziselwa lona.
Lawa masistimu angaphansi kweseva afaka:
1. Iphrosesa nenqolobane
Iphrosesa yinhliziyo yeseva, enesibopho sokuphatha cishe yonke imisebenzi. Kuwuhlelo olungaphansi olubaluleke kakhulu, futhi kunombono oyiphutha ovamile wokuthi amaphrosesa asheshayo ahlala engcono ukuqeda izingqinamba zokusebenza.
Phakathi kwezingxenye eziyinhloko ezifakwe kumaseva, amaphrosesa avame ukuba namandla kakhulu kunezinye izinhlelo ezingaphansi. Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbalwa ezikhethekile kuphela ezingasebenzisa ngokugcwele izinzuzo zamaphrosesa esimanje njenge-P4 noma i-64-bit processors.
Isibonelo, izibonelo zesiphakeli sakudala njengamaseva wefayela azincikile kakhulu ekulayisheni komsebenzi womprosesa njengoba iningi lethrafikhi yefayela lisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Direct Memory Access (DMA) ukuze lidlule iphrosesa, kuye ngenethiwekhi, inkumbulo, kanye nezinhlelo ezingaphansi zediski eliqinile ukuze kusetshenziswe.
Namuhla, i-Intel inikeza amaphrosesa ahlukahlukene enzelwe amaseva ochungechunge lwe-X. Ukuqonda umehluko nezinzuzo phakathi kwamaphrosesa ahlukahlukene kubalulekile.
Inqolobane, ebhekwa ngokuqinile njengengxenye yesistimu engaphansi yememori, ihlanganiswe ngokomzimba nephrosesa. I-CPU nenqolobane isebenza eduze ndawonye, inqolobane isebenza cishe engxenyeni yejubane lephrosesa noma elilinganayo.
2. PCI Bus
Ibhasi le-PCI liyipayipi ledatha yokufaka nokuphumayo kumaseva. Wonke amaseva ochungechunge lwe-X asebenzisa ibhasi le-PCI (okuhlanganisa i-PCI-X ne-PCI-E) ukuxhuma ama-adaptha abalulekile njenge-SCSI nama-hard disk. Amaseva asezingeni eliphezulu ngokuvamile anamabhasi e-PCI amaningi kanye nezikhala ze-PCI eziningi uma kuqhathaniswa namamodeli wangaphambilini.
Amabhasi e-PCI athuthukisiwe ahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-PCI-X 2.0 ne-PCI-E, obuhlinzeka ngedatha ephezulu namakhono okuxhumana. I-chip ye-PCI ixhuma i-CPU kanye nenqolobane ebhasini le-PCI. Le sethi yezingxenye ilawula ukuxhumana phakathi kwebhasi le-PCI, iphrosesa, namasistimu angaphansi kwememori ukuze kukhuliswe ukusebenza kwesistimu kukonke.
3. Inkumbulo
Inkumbulo idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kweseva. Uma iseva ingenayo inkumbulo eyanele, ukusebenza kwayo kuyawohloka, njengoba isistimu yokusebenza idinga ukugcina idatha eyengeziwe enkumbulweni, kodwa isikhala asanele, okuholela ekumeni kwedatha ku-hard disk.
Isici esisodwa esiphawulekayo ekwakhiweni kweseva ye-X-series yebhizinisi i-memory mirroring, okuthuthukisa ukuphindaphinda nokubekezelela amaphutha. Lobu buchwepheshe benkumbulo ye-IBM bucishe bulingane ne-RAID-1 kuma-hard disks, lapho inkumbulo ihlukaniswa ngamaqembu afakwe izibuko. Umsebenzi wokwenza isibuko usekelwe ku-hardware, awudingi ukwesekwa okwengeziwe ohlelweni lokusebenza.
4. I-Hard Disk
Ngokombono womlawuli, i-hard disk subsystem iyisicacisi esiyinhloko sokusebenza kweseva. Ohlelweni lwe-hierarchical lwamadivayisi okugcina ku-inthanethi (i-cache, inkumbulo, i-hard disk), i-hard disk iyona ehamba kancane kodwa inomthamo omkhulu kakhulu. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zeseva, cishe yonke idatha igcinwa ku-hard disk, okwenza uhlelo olungaphansi lwe-hard disk esheshayo lube bucayi.
I-RAID ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukwandisa indawo yokugcina kumaseva. Nokho, izinhlelo ze-RAID zithinta kakhulu ukusebenza kweseva. Ukukhethwa kwamazinga ahlukene e-RAID ukuchaza amadiski anengqondo ahlukene kuthinta ukusebenza, futhi indawo yokugcina kanye nolwazi lokulinganisa kuhlukile. Amakhadi afanayo e-IBM's ServeRAID kanye namakhadi e-IBM Fiber Channel anikeza izinketho zokuqalisa amazinga e-RAID ahlukene, ngalinye linokucushwa kwalo okuhlukile.
Esinye isici esibalulekile ekusebenzeni yinani lama-hard disks kuhlu olumisiwe: ama-disks amaningi, kungcono ukudlula. Ukuqonda ukuthi i-RAID iziphatha kanjani izicelo ze-I/O kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha be-serial, obufana ne-SATA ne-SAS, manje sebusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokuthembeka.
5. Inethiwekhi
I-adaptha yenethiwekhi iyisixhumi esibonakalayo lapho iseva ixhumana nezwe langaphandle. Uma idatha ingakwazi ukufeza ukusebenza okuphezulu ngalesi sixhumi esibonakalayo, isistimu engaphansi yenethiwekhi enamandla ingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kweseva kukonke.
Idizayini yenethiwekhi ibaluleke ngokulinganayo njengedizayini yeseva. Ukushintsha okwaba amasegimenti enethiwekhi ahlukene noma ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obufana ne-ATM kufanele kucatshangelwe.
Amakhadi enethiwekhi ye-Gigabit manje asetshenziswa kabanzi kumaseva ukuze ahlinzeke ngokusebenza okuphezulu okudingekayo. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe obusha obufana ne-TCP Offload Engine (TOE) ukuze kuzuzwe amanani e-10G nawo asemkhathizwe.
6. Ikhadi Lezithombe
Isistimu engaphansi yesibonisi kumaseva ayibalulekile kangako njengoba isetshenziswa kuphela lapho abalawuli bedinga ukulawula iseva. Amaklayenti awalokothi asebenzise ikhadi lemifanekiso, ngakho ukusebenza kweseva akuvamile ukugcizelela lesi simiso esingaphansi.
7. Uhlelo lokusebenza
Sibheka isistimu yokusebenza njengento engaba yibhodlela, njengamanye amasistimu angaphansi kwama-hard disk. Ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezifana ne-Windows, Linux, ESX Server, ne-NetWare, kunezilungiselelo ezingashintshwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kweseva.
Amasistimu angaphansi anquma ukusebenza ancike kuhlelo lokusebenza leseva. Ukuhlonza nokuqeda izingqinamba kungafinyelelwa ngokuqoqa nokuhlaziya idatha yokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, lo msebenzi awukwazi ukuqedwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, njengoba izingqinamba zingahluka ngokushintsha kwemithwalo yemisebenzi yeseva, mhlawumbe nsuku zonke noma masonto onke.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-20-2023
